This is one of the essential terms every denimhead should understand. For more foundational lingo, check out our full Denim vocabulary.
If you’ve ever seen jeans described as 12 oz., 16.5 oz. or even 25 oz., that number isn’t just a flex—it’s a measurement of the denim’s weight per square yard.
Denim weight tells you how a pair of jeans will feel, wear in, and hold up over time. Lighter denim is easier to break in. Heavier denim is tougher, stiffer, and often fades more dramatically.
In short: weight matters.
Let’s break down what those numbers mean—and why they help you pick the right pair. But first, have a look at this …
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TL;DR — Quick Summary
- Denim weight = ounces per square yard (oz./yd²)
- Higher weight = heavier, tougher, warmer, more dramatic fades
- Lightweight (<12 oz.) = soft and breathable
- Midweight (12–16 oz.) = versatile everyday denim
- Heavyweight (>16 oz.) = dense, stiff, built to fade
- Affects comfort, break-in time, and durability
- Selvedge uses more fabric length—but not more weight per square yard
- 1 oz. = 28.35 g | 1 yd² = 0.84 m² | 1 oz./yd² ≈ 33.91 gsm
How Denim Weight Is Measured
Denim is measured in ounces per square yard. It’s usually abbreviated as oz. in writing.
This unit of mass is used to categorise denim fabric by weight. The higher the ounces, the heavier the denim.
Why it matters: Denim weight influences how the garment feels to wear, how long it takes to break in, and how durable it is.
What Affects Denim Weight?
Denim fabrics vary in weight because of two main factors:
- Yarn thickness (aka yarn count)
- Weave density (how tightly the yarns are packed)
Thicker yarns weigh more. The tighter the weave, the more ounces you cram into each square yard.
Weight Categories (Approximate)
There’s no global standard—but most denim makers agree on something like this:
- Under 12 oz. = Lightweight
- 12–16 oz. = Midweight
- Over 16 oz. = Heavyweight
That said, it’s all relative. A brand used to 10 oz. denim might call 14 oz. “heavyweight,” while Iron Heart fans would laugh and call it lightweight.
Light-, Mid- or Heavyweight Denim?
Raw denim has turned weight watching on its head. Heavyweight denim is a hit, and for some, it’s become all about how heavy you can go.
But heavyweight denim isn’t for everyone. A nice pair of midweight denim jeans will be the perfect middle ground for most. In warmer weather, a lightweight denim will also do wonders.
How Heavy Are Your Jeans Really?
Let’s say your jeans are made from 21 oz. denim.
- That means 1 square yard weighs 21 oz. (595.35 g)
- Most jeans require about 1.5 square yards of fabric
- So the finished jeans weigh around 31.5 oz., or roughly 890 g
But it varies depending on the size, cut, inseam, and whether your jeans have been repaired or patched.
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Shuttle Looms, Selvedge Denim, and Loom Width
Selvedge denim is made on shuttle looms, which usually produce fabric that’s only 30 inches wide (about 75 cm). That’s narrower than modern projectile looms.
So even though the area stays around 1.5 square yards, you need more length of fabric from a roll of selvedge to make a single pair.
In short:
- Selvedge ≠ heavier by default
- You just use more fabric length to get the same area
This is one of those quirks that gives selvedge its unique charm—and cost.
How to Convert Ounces to GSM (If You Really Want To)
The denim industry uses oz./yd², but if you’re working in the metric system, here’s the conversion:
- 1 oz./yd² ≈ 33.91 gsm
(grammes per square metre)
So:
- 12 oz. ≈ 407 gsm
- 16 oz. ≈ 542 gsm
- 21 oz. ≈ 712 gsm
👉 If you’re doing a lot of conversions, this tool is helpful.
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